by Lucy Douglas, Christy Maddock, Ronja Parker, Russell MacKechnie-Guire and Vicki Walker Equine Department, Hartpury University, Hartpury, Gloucestershire GL19 3BE, UK https://doi.org/10.3390/ani16131938 Ground poles are widely used in horse training and rehabilitation, but there is limited scientific evidence on how the distance between poles affects the way horses move. This study investigated how different pole spacings influence limb and back movement in horses walking i