María Resano-Zuazu, Jorge U. Carmona, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, David Argüelles Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a well-recognised cause of muscle pain in people, but we know much less about how it presents in horses. This study investigated 120 horses to identify the most important signs of MPS in the back (thoracolumbar) region and to explore whether factors such as behaviour, management, and housing might be linked to the condition. Each horse underwent a detailed han

Débora Gouveia1, Ana Cardoso, Carla Carvalho, Marina Moisés, André Coelho, Maria Manuel Balça, Rui Alvites, Ana Colette Maurício, António Ferreira, and Ângela Martins DOI 10.3389/fpain.2025.1496607 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive modality used to modulate pain via spinal gating, neurotransmitter changes, and activation of endogenous opioid pathways. This prospective, blinded, controlled clinical study evaluated the effectiveness of TENS as